Official site: https://www.python.org/

• Official Python getting started guide
• Start with a code editor like Sublime Text, then maybe move on to IDE like PyCharm or PyDev for more complex projects.

Courses

• Treehouse – Python Basics course
• Udemy – The Ultimate Python Programming Tutorial
• Free
  • Udacity – Intro to Computer Science
  • Codeacademy – Python
  • Google’s Python Class

Free Interactive Tutorial

• Learn Python

Books

• Python Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science
• Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner
• Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist (Read online for free here)
• Learn Python The Hard Way (Free)

For Web Development

If you want to create websites using Python, try Flask, a beginner-friendly Python web framework:

• Official Flask’s Documentation: Very well-written and complete documentation

Then, you should probably move on to Django, the most popular and widely-used Python web framework:

• Official Django getting started guide
• Tutorial: How to Tango with Django: A Python Django Tutorial (free)
• Book: Test-Drive Development with Python (Read online for free here)

• Code Editor: Sublime Text

Courses

• Code School – JavaScript
• Codeacademy – JavaScript (Free)
• Crockford on JavaScript: A Public Lecture Series at Yahoo! (Free)

Tutorials (Free)

• Mozilla Developer Network – JavaScript basics – Learning the Web
• Superhero.js

Books

• A Smarter Way to Learn JavaScript
• JavaScript: The Good Parts
• JavaScript Patterns
• JavaScript: The Definitive Guide
• Eloquent JavaScript (Free)

For front-end developers, you must also learn HTML & CSS. Probably jQuery as well.

• A great analogy for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: Part of a Website Explained as a House
• Books
  • Web Design with HTML, CSS, JavaScript and jQuery Set
  • JavaScript and JQuery: Interactive Front-End Web Development
• Courses
  • Treehouse – Learn Front End Web Development & JavaScript + jQuery
  • Code School – HTML/CSS
  • Codeacademy – HTML & CSS (Free)
• Tutorial: W3Schools (Free)

For server-side developers, check out Node.js:

•  Courses
  • Treehouse – Node.js Basics
  • nodeschool.io (Free)

Official site: http://php.net/

• IDE: PhpStorm
  
• Great documentation of up-to-date PHP reference and resources: PHP: The Right Way

Courses

• Treehouse – PHP Basics Course
• Udemy – Beginner PHP and MySQL Tutorial
• Codeacademy – PHP (free)

Books

• PHP and MySQL for Beginners
• Head First PHP & MySQL

After you’ve learnt the basics, you may consider to use a framework:

• CodeIgniter – Excellent for beginners, easy and suitable for small projects
• Laravel – One of the best and most popular PHP framework

• Code Editor: IntelliJ IDEA

Courses

• Udemy – Java Programming Masterclass for Software Developers
• Udemy – Java Tutorial for Complete Beginners (Free)

Tutorials (Free)

• Welcome to the LearnJavaOnline.org – Interactive Java Tutorial.

Books

• Effective Java 3rd Edition
• Grokking the Java Interview
• Head First Java
• Getting Started with Java on Raspberry Pi

ORACLE Java Documentation – The Java™ Tutorials

CodeGym.cc –  This online platform is completely devoted to Java. It’s a gamified course with “futuristic” narrative.

• 8 – 16 years old: Scratch – Create your own games, stories, and animations easily.
• More fun ways to learn programming for kids:
  • 10+ years old: Lego Mindstorms – Write programs to bring the robot to life.
  • 3 – 8 years old: Robot Turtles – Board game that teaches programming.
• Great list of coding apps and websites for kids
• Interactive courses for children – Tynker
• Once your kid has learned the fundamentals of programming, you can proceed to teach them Python (Refer to “Python” tab).
  • Suitable Python book for kids: Python for Kids: A Playful Introduction to Programming